Body Mass Index

The Body Mass Index - BMI

The Body Mass Index is also known as"the Quetelet index. It is a statistical measurement that compares a person's weight and height. It's a great tool to estimate a healthy body mass based on how tall an individual is. It is reliable and is the most frequently used tool to pinpoint the problem with weight.

Criteria For Underweight And Obesity By BMI

Utilizing an understanding of the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for overweight and underweight according to BMI it is possible to determine if the person is classified as overweight, obese overweight or falls into the category of obesity.

Calculation Of BMI

BMI in an individual is calculated by using the following formula:Body Mass Index (BMI) = Body mass (weight x height) (height x height)
The weight of the person is calculated in kilograms. the height is calculated in metres.
Example:
Suppose an individual's body weight is 70kg, and his height is 1.60 meters. Now compute these values.
BMI = 70 / (1.60 x 1.60) = 70 / 2.56 = 27.34 kg/m2
The time has come to implement The World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for obesity and underweight
By BMI, you may come to learn if the person falls under the category of overweight, normal
obesity, weight, or falls within the category of obesity.

Precautions During Measurements

These precautions should be observed when taking measurements to determine BMI.

  1. The body weight must be taken on an accurate and reliable weigh machine.
  2. The student with a body mass to be measured, has to wear the minimum amount of clothes required, without shoes.
  3. During the measurement of height the student needs to be unshoed and the entire body should be straight.

Physical Fitness Test (AAPHERD Test Score)

AAPHERD i.e. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance is a test used to measure and evaluate physical fitness of youngsters. The first version of this test was announced in 1958. It was then revised in 1966 and later in 1976. A number of changes to the test battery were made in the year 1976 by the AAPHER fitness test. The test was designed to test the fitness levels of teenagers. The tests assess the body's composition the flexibility, agility, coordination the upper body, and endurance for aerobics. These tests are designed so that they could be administered by experts in the field.

These are the components of this test. AAPHERD testing for physical fitness:

  1. Pull ups (boys)
  2. Flexed-arm hang (girls)
  3. Flexed leg sit ups
  4. Shuttle run
  5. Standing broad jump
  6. 50-yard dash, 9 minute run for children aged 10-12 years old and 1.5 miles or 12 minutes run for kids 13 & above.

In 1980, AAPHERD introduced the "Physical Best" test which included the following items:
1. 1 1/2 mile walk or a 12-minute run
2. Body fat measurement by folds of skin
3. Sit ups
4. Pull ups
5. Sit and then reach the test

The test for physical fitness recognizes students for their fitness and physical fitness during the previous actions.

Shuttle Run

The test measures speed, speed and agility of the participants. The students are required to draw two parallel lines 30 feet apart and place two blocks of wood, behind one of the lines. Students begin at the parallel line. When the signal "Go" is given, the student races to the blocks , takes one up, returns to the starting line, and places the block behind the line. Then, the student runs back and picks up the second block , and then runs back to the starting line. Blocks should be placed within the lines.

Pull-Ups Testing

Student hangs from a horizontal bar at a height the student can be hung from, arms fully extended, and feet free from ground using either an grip or underhand. Students with a shorter height could be lifted up to the starting position. Then, they raise their body until the chin clears the bar and then lower the bar.
body until it is fully in the hang position. Student performs as many accurate push-ups as possible.

Flexed- Arm Hang Testing

By using an overhand or underhand grip, student is able to assume a flexed arm hang posture with their chin clear of the bar. Students can be lifted up to this position. Student holds this position until he is able to.

Flexed Arm Hang Scoring

Student's chest should be held close to the bar, with the legs straight. Time measurement stops when the student's chin is in contact with or falls beneath the bar.

Standing Long Jump

It is a popular and easy test that is used to test the power of your legs. The participant stands in front of an area marked on the ground. The feet are placed slightly apart. A take-off with a two-foot landing is used with swinging of the arms as well as bending the knees in order to provide the forward drive. The athlete tries to jump as far as possible and land on both feet, but not falling backwards. Three attempts are allowed. The measurement is calculated from the start line to nearest point of contact after landing the longest distance jumped in the three best attempts is recorded.

50-Yard Dash

It is a test that aims to evaluate the speed of the student. The student is placed behind the starting line , and begins going at the speed of 'Go'. When the entire distance is covered the time taken to complete 50 yards is noted.

The new test by AAPHERD seeks to determine health fitness:

1. 1 1/2 Mile Walk/Run Or 12-Minute Run

Students are required to run 1.5 mile. The timings are recorded by a stop watches. If this method is not suitable then students are asked to complete a 12 minute run. This way, their distance is recorded. The first method is thought to be the best method to assess the cardiovascular fitness.

2. Skin Fold Measurement:

The test uses calipers' skin are used to measure what the amount of fat on different areas of the body. After measuring the thickness of different areas of the body, the measurements are incorporated into an equation (different equation for girls and boys) for calculate the density of the body. After calculating the body's density, it's then placed in equation to calculate the percentage of fat in the body. All the measurements must be taken from the left side.
The three components that are listed below are measured:
(a) Skinfolds of the abdomen
(b) Chest skinfold
(c) Arm skinfold

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